Use chunks of potato or sweet potato as a decoy trap. Special plant species determines diet breadth of phytophagous. Unesco eolss sample chapters chemical ecology foraging and food choice in phytophagous insects chapman, r. Pj 1997 adaptive patterns of hostplant selection by phytophagous insects. However, the experimental work that addressed the roles of plant species in determining diet breadth of phytophagous insects is rare.
Gall mites eriophyidae are very small, usually white, sausageshaped mites with only two pairs of legs. It describes the patterns of host plant use, the chemical features of the host plant which determine their selection, the physiology of the insect sensory system, and insect behaviour, with an emphasis on the mechanism. Experience induces a phytophagous insect to lay eggs on a. A general model for host plant selection in phytophagous. Chemical ecology foraging and food choice in phytophagous insects chapman, r. Although many insects are dependent on soil for food and shelter, only a few soilborne insects such as weevils, ants, and termites are. Dbif aims to help researchers access the accumulated knowledge of british plant herbivore interactions, which is otherwise scattered throughout a vast published literature. Hostplant selection by phytophagous insects nhbs academic. If the larvae or nymphs feed on plants, the insect mother usually lays her eggs on a host plant. This was first recognized in parasitoids and later in phytophagous insects e.
Sep 25, 2017 phytophagous insects are exposed to reactive oxygen species from prooxidant allelochemicals produced by the host plant in response to herbivory in addition to those generated from endogenous sources. Soilinhabiting insects also utilize this substrate for part of or for their entire life. For more than 20 years insect plant relations have been a focus for studies in ecology and evolution. The importance of insects as crop pests, and the great potential of insects for the biological control of weeds, have provided further impetus for work in this area. The broad coverage includes crop plant and insect diversity, mechanisms of insectplant interactions, host plant selection, components of resistance, the biochemical basis for resistance, mechanisms of resistance, factors affecting expression of resistance, screening techniques for resistance, the. The hostplant selection sequence of phytophagous insects can be divided into three steps. Many insects, like caterpillars and leaf beetles, feed on plants.
Phytophagous insects from here on simply referred to as insects were collected on native and nonnative plants in two areas. Buy hostplant selection by phytophagous insects 97804120311. The sexual behavior of phytophagous insects is often integrated in a variety of ways with their host plants. Plant pests and their control, revised edition discusses the concepts involved in pest management, along with its application, constraints, and opportunities. Concepts in insect hostplant selection behavior and their. Department of entomology university ofcalifornia riverside. Phytophagous insects on flower heads of neotropical compositae. Use of hostplant trait space by phytophagous insects during. Insect host plant selection in complex environments request pdf. Plantderived cues play a role in hostplant selection by herbivorous insects and influence behaviors crucial to insect fitness and survival, such as feeding, mating, and oviposition bruce et. Skewer a piece of raw potato and bury it near the problem area and dig after about a week and check for the presence of wireworms. The authoritative overviews in this volume provide a wealth of practical information on current approaches to the study of insect plant interactions.
Phytophagous insects are commonly defined from the width of their host plant. The nutritional requirements of phytophagous insects. Oct 10, 2012 to test whether insects drive the evolution of plant defenses, one set of plots was kept free of insects with a regular biweekly application of insecticide over the entire study period. Phytophagous definition of phytophagous by the free. For more than 20 years insectplant relations have been a focus for studies in ecology and evolution. These artificial diets should however be ideal for growth and development of the test insects at least for many generations. The other set of plots received natural levels of insects. This book, containing 8 chapters, focuses on the behaviour of host plant selection by plant feeding insects. The importance for host shifting of trait differences between alternative host plants is well established, but much less is known about trait variation within hosts. Certain insects sequester or otherwise acquire host plant. Experience of nonhost plants by phytophagous insects may alter their foraging and oviposition responses to these plants. This paper examines if this is so for adaptive theories. Adaptive patterns of hostplant selection by phytophagous. Many insect species depend on plant resources at some stage during their life.
Encyclopedia of life support systems eolss foraging and food choice in phytophagous insects chapman, r. The study of plantinsect interactions continues to be an exciting and fastmoving field that builds upon the more extensive literature available in plantmicrobe interactions and offers new and significant insights into both the unique molecular determinants of plantinsect interactions and the wider ecological context. The sequence of steps in host selection includes habitat location. Host plant selection involve important behavioural approaches between insects and their host plants.
View phytophagous insects research papers on academia. Ecological speciation via host shifting has contributed to the astonishing diversity of phytophagous insects. The potential role of generalist natural enemies is presented as one of the important ecological pressures that select for narrow host range in phytophagous insects, and dominant relative to physiological bases for specialization. The life cycle of the beetle is egg, larva, pupa, and adult, which produces eggs. Because phytophagous insects and their green host plants dominate terrestrial biodiversity, theories which can explain host plant selection by phytophagous insects would score well under the second criterion.
Remove and destroy infected crops after harvesting to limit overwintering. In many cases, this accumulation of specialist insects on a concentrated resource here, cultivated brassica plants will be sufficient to increase the numbers of phytophagous insects in that locality. There are two ways of searching for host taxa contained with dbif. Olfactory mechanisms of host selection in phytophagous insects. Knowledge of natural selection leads to theoretical predictions about how adult behaviour might respond to host quality, the abundance of hostplants, adult eggload, age and available search time. Cottonmelon aphids, aphis gossypii glover exhibited strong host specialization, and the cotton and cucurbitsspecialized biotypes had been clearly identified. Insectplant interactions james ray miller, thomas a.
The sequence of steps in host selection includes habitat location, host location, host acceptance, and host use. Factors influencing host plant choice and larval performance in. The plots were left to grow without other interference for five years. Hostplant seictionby phytophagous insects contemporary topics in entomology series editors thomas a.
Using the diamondback moth dbm plutella xylostella l. Many plants produce secondary metabolites, known as. Host plant selection by phytophagous insects elizabeth a. Plant derived cues play a role in host plant selection by herbivorous insects and influence behaviors crucial to insect fitness and survival, such as feeding, mating, and oviposition bruce et al. When selecting host plants, insects may use a variety of senses, such as the sense of smell olfaction, taste. I outline a conceptual model, the gapeandpinch gap model, of insect response to hostplant trait. In herbivorous insects, crucial behaviours affecting insect fitness, such as feeding, mating and oviposition, are influenced by plantrelated cues.
Water fleas, mosquito larvae, and other tiny water insects come to the plant, looking for food. The evolution of resistance to herbivory in ipomoea purpurea. Hopkins host selection principle is the rather controversial. Hostplant selection by phytophagous insects is largely determined by adult insects choosing the developmental location of offspring. Use of hostplant trait space by phytophagous insects. Natural selection by insects and costs of resistance. Galls can be found on any part of the plant, but are most often observed as large, swollen growths on a leaf, petiole, twig, or branch. By contrast 75% of 20 grass species were eaten to repletion, and none was rejected without feeding. Buy host plant selection by phytophagous insects 97804120311. The food ingested and digested by the insect must fulfil its nutritional requirements for normal growth and development to occur.
This book is comprised of chapters that cover topics relevant in understanding the basis and practice of pest management. The sequence of steps in host selection includes habitat location, host location, host acceptance, and host. Devising suitable chemically defined diets for phytophagous insects may be a difficult task since it must satisfy the insects nutritional requirements. Type a species name, or part of a species name, in the search box and hit the display button. When selecting host plants, insects may use a variety of senses, such as the sense of smell olfaction, taste, vision, and touch. Insect learning can change the preferences an egg laying female displays towards different host plant species.
Adaptive patterns of hostplant selection by phytophagous insects. Hostplant selection by phytophagous insects contemporary. This may result in radiation cladogenesis of plants. Plant defense against herbivory or hostplant resistance hpr describes a range of adaptations evolved by plants which improve their survival and reproduction by reducing the impact of herbivores. Phytophagous insects on native and nonnative host plants. Encyclopedia of life support systems eolss amounts of a few species from both taxa were eaten to some extent. Hostplant selection by phytophagous insects springerlink.
Phytophagous insects reduce plant fitness, thus they are important selection factors in plant evolution. Dbif contains about 47,000 interactions for roughly 9,300 invertebrate taxa species, subspecies and forms and 5,700 plant taxa species, genera and broader groupings. The host plant selection behaviour of phytophagous insects provides a variety of re lated questions at a number of levels futuyma. Plants can sense being touched, and they can use several strategies to defend against damage caused by herbivores. The host plant selection sequence of phytophagous insects can be divided into three steps. Jan, 2010 observations on phytophagous plant eating insects showed that what the insect eats and how much it eats largely determines its economic importance. Nevertheless, selection for an accurate assessment of plant quality in herbivorous insects, and especially in polyphagous species, may be constrained by a shortage of information or of the ability to perceive this information.
Methods described include direct behavioral observation. Hostplant selection by phytophagous insects elizabeth a. Insects have characteristic structures and behaviors. Olfactory mechanisms of host selection in phytophagous. Phytophagous insects are obliged to find suitable host plants to to survives. Olfaction is typically the most important sensory modality during the first two steps, whereas contact chemoreception dominates the. Insect host plant selection in complex environments. Insects and plants module 3 content reading and media assessment insects need air, food, water, and space. Yet, the selection of the suitable cues by insects is a complex task since most environments are dynamic and exhibit large spatial and temporal. Soil provides a structure for a plant to anchor its roots and is a source of nutrition and water necessary for plant growth. This book, containing 8 chapters, focuses on the behaviour of hostplant selection by plant feeding insects. We develop a general theoretical framework for exploring the host plant selection behaviour of herbivorous insects.
Some phytophagous insects eat a variety of plant species, while others specialize in eating only one, or just a few. Concepts in insect hostplant selection behavior and. This model can be used to address a number of questions, including the evolution of specialists, generalists, preference hierarchies, and learning. Host plant quality and fecundity in herbivorous insects caroline s. Phytophagous definition of phytophagous by the free dictionary. Chemoreception plays a main role during the process. This integration may be manifested as effects or influences of host plants on insect physiology and behavior, including sex pheromone communication, that reflect strategies by insects to optimize mating and reproduction.
778 227 851 15 360 1267 165 900 172 1088 595 548 1210 442 1341 227 718 1201 1425 203 666 938 353 1474 165 532 1249 143 661 988 1212 215 214 638 1278 105 854